路侧公交专用车道模式下右转交织长度建模

在设置路侧公交专用道的交叉口处,可通过划定交织区的方式允许右转车辆借用一定长度的公交专用道通行.合理规划公交车与右转车的交织区长度有利于提高借道右转的通行效率,减少在交织区前的排队车辆数从而降低道路混乱程度,保障公交车的专用路权.本文分析了公交站点影响下的公交车车头时距分布,建立了右转车穿越交织区长度计算模型,并结合实际调查数据进行了算例分析和模型验证.研究成果可为公交优先条件下的交叉口空间优化设计提供理论参考.     

大深度浮力驱动式水下运载器的浮潜运动研究

基于模型试验,对大深度浮力驱动式水下运载器的上浮运动进行研究与分析,基于数值仿真,提出大深度浮力驱动式水下运载器浮潜运动的快速预报方法,并将预报结果与模型试验结果进行对比,证明快速预报方法的准确性。使用快速预报方法,针对水下运载器比重变化、流体密度变化、水下运载器初速度以及水流扰动4种因素对浮潜运动的影响进行研究.此外,对水下运载器作六自由度运动时所受的水动力进行计算,为后续的六自由度运动预报和研究提供基础。     

车辆隔热壁K值计算中空气层的处理方法

对轨道交通车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁进行隔热性能理论计算与仿真计算的对比,对隔热壁内部空气层的隔热性能进行分析。结论为:在车辆多层复合结构的隔热壁K值计算中,当空气层厚度大于一定厚度时,流体自然对流对隔热壁的隔热性能影响较大。利用多项式密度(Polynomial Denisity)和Boussinesq模型两种算法,对所得结论进行了验证。     

落实中越运输议定书 实现公务车相互驶入

文章结合国内相关法规,对中越汽车运输的＂两议定书＂和＂国际汽车运输行车许可证制度＂中有关公务车辆的内容进行解读,并就如何早日实现中越两国间公务车辆相互驶入问题,提出了建立国际道路运输协调机制等八项举措。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically.Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce.New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform on-road measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible.This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined.     

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.     

考虑螺旋桨体积力的水下机器人水动力特性仿真

为在初步设计时预测ROV的水动力性能,使用CFD技术进行分析,以ROV模型为例,最大程度地保留ROV内部的构件,使模型更加接近真实状况。分别计算ROV在不同工况下的阻力、不同漂角下的横向力和转艏力矩以及添加体积力模型之后的螺旋桨流场状况,很好地模拟出ROV周围的流场,并与已有的试验数据进行对比。结果验证了CFD水动力仿真的可行性和准确性,并还可预测ROV在螺旋桨作用下的进速等,对ROV设计具有实际的参考价值和指导意义。     

A two-dimensional simulation model for modelling turning vehicles at mixed-flow intersections

The turning behavior is one of the most challenging driving maneuvers under non-protected phase at mixed-flow intersections. Currently, one-dimensional simulation models focus on car-following and gap-acceptance behaviors in pre-defined lanes with few lane-changing behaviors, and they cannot model the lateral and longitudinal behaviors simultaneously, which has limitation in representing the realistic turning behavior. This paper proposes a three-layered “plan-decision-action” (PDA) framework to obtain acceleration and angular velocity in the turning process. The plan layer firstly calculates the two-dimensional optimal path and dynamically adjusts the trajectories according to interacting objects. The decision layer then uses the decision tree method to select a suitable behavior in three alternatives: car-following, turning and yielding. Finally, in the action layer, a set of corresponding operational models specify the decided behavior into control parameters. The proposed model is tested by reproducing 210 trajectories of left-turn vehicles at a two-phase mixed-flow intersection in Shanghai. As a result, the simulation reproduces the variation of trajectories, while the coverage rate of the trajectories is 88.8%. Meanwhile, both the travel time and post-encroachment time of simulation and empirical turning vehicles are similar and do not show statistically significant difference.     

轨道交通车辆的工艺流程标准化

从生产线建立、工艺流程编制、工艺布局设计和生产能力等方面进行分析,提出了轨道交通车辆工艺流程标准化设计方法和优化方法。基于精益管理理念和工序能力测算法,可以合理编制标准化工艺流程,从而降低劳动强度,提高生产效率。